SÍMBOLO
(from Greek: Symboloy - Συμβόλου)
σύμβολον, τό, tally, i.e. each of two halves or corresponding pieces of an ἀστράγαλοσ or other object, which two ξένοι, or any two contracting parties, broke between them, each party keeping one piece, in order to have proof of the identity of the presenter of the other, ἀποδεικνύντεσ τὰ ς. ἀπαίτεον τὰ χρήματα Hdt.6.86.β; ξένοισ τε πέμψω σύμβολ', οἳ δράσουσί σ' εὖ E.Med.613 (cf. Sch.); διαπεπρισμένα ἡμίσε' ἀκριβῶσ ὡσπερεὶ τὰ σ. Eub.70; ὡσ ς. ὀρέγεται ἀλλήλων [τὰ ἐναντία] Arist.EE1239b31; ζητεῖ . . τὸ αὑτοῦ ἕκαστοσ σ. Pl.Smp.191d; καθάπερ ἐκ συμβόλωνArist.Mete.360a26, cf. GA722b11, Pol.1294a35; ἔχειν σύμβολα πρὸσ ἄλληλα complementary factors, Id.GC331a24; ποιησάσθω σύμβολα ἡ βουλὴ πρὸσ τὸν βασιλέα τὸν Σιδωνίων, ὅπωσ ἂν ὁ δῆμοσ ὁ Ἀθηναίων εἰδῇ, ἐάν τι πέμπῃ κτλ. IG22.141.19.
- of other devices having the same purpose, e.g. a seal-impression on wax, Plaut. Pseud.55 (hence σ. = signet-ring, Plin.HN33.10); an extant bronze hand is inscribed ς. πρὸσ Οὐελαυνίουσ IG14.2432(Gaul), cf. 279 (Lilybaeum, ii B.C., where the word does not occur).
- passport or the seal thereon, Ar.Av.1214 (cf. Sch.); ἐκπλεῖν μηδένα ἀστῶν μηδὲ μέτοικον ἄνευ σ. Aen.Tact.10.8: metaph., Arr.Epict.3.12.15.
- passenger-list, ἐμοῦ [τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ] τοὺσ νεκροὺσ ἀπαριθμοῦντοσ τῷ Αἰακῷ κἀκείνου λογιζομένου αὐτοὺσ πρὸσ τὸ . . πεμφθὲν αὐτῷ σ. Luc.Cat.4.
- pl., treaty between two states providing for the security of one another's citizens and sts. for the settlement of commercial and other disputes (usu. in the law-courts of the defendant's city (cf. Harp. s.v.)); εἰσὶ . . αὐτοῖσ συνθῆκαι περὶ τῶν εἰσαγωγίμων καὶ ς. περὶ τοῦ μὴ ἀδικεῖν Arist.Pol.1280a39; ς. ποιήσασθαι πρὸσ πόλιν D.7.11, cf. And.4.18; τὰ ς. συγχέωνD.21.173; ἀπὸ συμβόλων δικάζεσθαι, κοινωνεῖν, Antipho 5.78, Arist.Pol.1275a10; αἱ ἀπὸ συμβόλων δίκαι Id.Ath.59.6; cf. συμβολή 111: sg. in same sense, Foed. Delph.Pell.1 A 7 (also written συββ- ib. 1 B 10, al.); ἡ κατὰ τὸ ς. δικαιοδοσία πρόσ τινα Plb.23.1.2, cf. 32.7.3; κατὰ τὸ σ. IG12(7).67.48 (Arcesine, iv/iii B.C.), 9(1).331.5 (Chaleion, ii B.C.); κατὰ τὸ δοχθὲν κοινᾷ σ. GDI5040.70 (Crete).
- contract between individuals, PCair.Zen.724.7,13, 790.2 (iii B.C.), PTeb.5.212 (ii B.C.), 52.10(ii B.C.); αἰσχρὰ κακοῖσ ἔργοισ ς. θηκάμενοι forming disgraceful compacts (sealed) by evil deeds, Thgn.1150; τὰ τῷ Καίσαρι πεπραγμένα κυροῦν συμβόλῳApp.BC2.132.
- receipt, sts. made out in duplicate, ς. διπλᾶ ἐσφραγισμέναPSI4.324.4 (iii B.C.), cf. PRev.Laws52.19 (iii B.C.), UPZ25.25, 26.16 (ii B.C.); τὸ ς. τῆσ ἀποχῆσ PCair.Zen. 144.2(iii B.C.); ς. ἀποχῆσPEnteux.73.4 (iii B.C.); σύμβολον ποιήσασθαι πρὸσ αὐτόν PLille 4.18 (iii B.C.), cf. PHib.1.67.16 (iii B.C.); ς. καὶ ἀντισύμβολα BGU1741.10 (i B.C.); receipt for a pledged article, PCair. Zen.120.3 (iii B.C.).
- fee for making out a receipt,PRyl.192.10 (ii A.D.), BGU1605.13 (ii A.D.), etc.
- unilateral undertaking in writing, guarantee, PPetr.3p.164 (iii B.C.), PMich.Zen.57.4 (iii B.C.), UPZ112 ii 1 (ii B.C.).
- warrant entitling the holder to draw allowances over a period, τοῦ κθ ἔτουσ τὸ ς. τοῦ ὀψωνίου καὶ τῆσ ἀγορᾶσ σύνταξον γράψαι PSI5.504.8 (iii B.C.); ς. σιτικὰ καὶ ἀργυρικά (bequeathed) PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.); σφράγισαι τὸ σ. PCair.Zen.375.11 (iii B.C.), cf. PSI4.349.2,7 (iii B.C.), UPZ14.89 (ii B.C.); τὰ ς. τῶν σιταρχιῶν BGU1755.5 (i B.C.).
- warrant or commission from the Emperor, by which officers held their posts, Cod.Just.1.5.12.1, 11; ς. τριβούνου ib.12.33.8 Intr.
- omen, portent, Archil.44, A.Ag.144 (lyr.); ς. δ' οὔ πώ τισ ἐπιχθονίων πιστὸν ἀμφὶ πράξιοσ ἐσσομένασ εὗρεν θεόθεν Pi.O.12.7 (cf. Sch.); οἱ διὰ συμβόλων . . προλέγοντεσdistd. from other kinds of μάντεισ, Gal. 15.442; περὶ οἰωνῶν καὶ ς. καὶ διοσημιῶνIamb.VP13.62;= auspicium,Gloss.; ἐν τοῖσ λικμητηρίοισ γεννώμενα τὰ βρέφη ἐτίθεσαν εἰσ ς. εὐτροφίασ Sch.Arat.268.
- Medic., symptom, Gal.19.217, Aret.CD1.4, al.
- prearranged signal, ἐπιχειρήσεωσ Plu.Rom.14; watchword, E.Rh.573.
- secret code, τὰ μυστικὰ ς. τῶν περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον ὀργιασμῶν, ἃ σύνισμεν ἀλλήλοισ οἱ κοινωνοῦντεσ Plu.2.611d, cf. Orph.Fr.31.23; consisting of a signum and a responsum, Firm.De Errore 18; τὰ ς. [Πυθαγόρου] Arist.Fr.197, Plu.2.727c; περὶ Πυθαγορικῶν σ., title of a work by Androcydes, Iamb.VP28.145; secret sign, γράψαι τι ς. ἐν πίνακι, . . μαθεῖν τὸν θέντα τὸ σ. ib.33.238, cf. 23.103, 32.227, Luc.Laps.5; allegory, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.256,257, Demetr. Eloc.243; διὰ συμβόλων μηνύειν Ph.2.559, cf. 1.681, al., Dam.Pr. 210.
- religious creed, τὸ ἅγιον μάθημα ἤτοι σ. Cod.Just.1.1.7.11, cf. 13.
REFERENCES
Ancient GREEK App for (for IOS).
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